Knowhow-Now Article

Excavation

Excavation is most commonly and best known for a technique within the science of archaeology. The individual types of excavation are
known simply as digs to those who participate, with this being an over literal description of the process. An excavation concerns
itself with a specific archaeological site or connected series of sites, and may be carried on over a number of years, since the work
is normally seasonal.

Within the industry of excavation, many more techniques may be utilized, with each dig having its own particular features that may
necessitate differences of approach. Resources and other practical issues don't allow archaeologists to carry out excavations
whenever and wherever they choose, as many known sites have been deliberately left alone and non excavated.

Initially, excavation involves the removal of any topsoil that is uncovered by machine. What is dug up may be examined by a metal
detector for stray finds but unless the excavation site has remained untouched for a long period of time, there is a small layer of
modern material on the surface that is of limited archaeological interest.

In rural areas, any type of archaeological features should be visible beneath the surface. With urban areas, they may be thick layers
of human deposits and only the uppermost will be visible to the naked eye. With either case, the first task is drawing a scaled site
plan that will show the edges of the excavation.

This plan can be composed using tape measures, or as it is more common these days, an electronic total station. A grid is normally
set up, to divide the site.

Excavation is also useful for digging out houses and trenches. When clearing dirt out for roads or sub divisions, excavation is what
takes care of things. Even though there are a few means, the term excavation is used anytime that the earth or dirt is disturbed.

Heavy machinery is also very common with excavation, such as excavators or backhoes. Excavating crews run the equipment and dig up
soil and rocks for whatever the purpose may be. Excavators are the most used machinery, as they can move a lot of dirt in a little
bit of time.

Anytime you are taking part in excavation, you should always use common sense and be safe. If you plan to get down into a hole or
trench, you should always use a trench box. Even though the hole may not be that deep, excavation sites can always cave in and at
that point - things are very dangerous and possibly even deadly.

For digging up rare artifacts or putting in houses or roads, excavation is something that has been around for years and years. There
is a lot to learn with excavation, as you'll need to know how to run machinery, shoot grade, and how to properly dig holes and
trenches so they won't cave in.

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